A paper presented at the Scientific Computer Information Exchange Meeting on topics in computer graphics (sponsored byAEC organization New York City, New York, May 2-3, 1974. This work was supported by the United States Atomic Commission.
Recently, a computer code was developed which computes the theoretical trajectory of a store (i.e., bomb, fuel tank etc.) in the complex aircraft flow field after it is released from an aircraft flying at subsonic speeds. However, the engineer was still faced with the problem of documenting the results of the store separation analysis in a concise, clear manner.
This paper describes a visual documentation system being used by Sandia Laboratories to document the results of theoretical store separation analyses. The documentation system uses a new Sandia Laboratories computer program, MOVIE1, with a CDC 6600 computer to generate a magnetic tape of plotting commands for a DatagraphiX 4020 plotter. Techniques are discussed which reduce the computer time required for one theoretical store separation to a few seconds to generate a magnetic tape for drawings and to a few minutes to generate the magnetic tape for movies.
To illustrate the visual documentation the paper contains computer generated black and white drawings of the side and bottmn views of two theoretical store separation analyses. The paper presentation uses color slides and color movies (with real time and slow motion sequences) of the same two theoretical store separation analyses.
Possible future refinements to and future extensions of the MOVIE1 computer program are discussed.
The word store, as used in this paper, is defined as any object (bomb, weapon, rocket, fuel tank, instrumentation pod, or container) which is carried on an aircraft. Thus, store separation analysis is defined as the determination of the position and attitude histories of a store after it is deliberately separated or ejected from the aircraft while the store is still in the complex nonuniform flow field near the aircraft.
Store separation problems and their analysis continue to be important in determining the effectiveness of any aircraft-delivered weapons system. Store separation problems can result in reductions in the allowable delivery speed of the weapon, increased dispersion of the impact point or target inte point, and even, in rare cases, lead to loss of the aircraft [1] [2].
Final store separation studies are usually based on extensive and expensive wind tunnel tests or full-scale flight drop tests. However, the need has been recognized recently for theoretical separation analyses for use in preliminary design and to supplement and, hopefully, reduce the number and magnitude of wind tunnel and flight drop tests. To meet this need, a computer program [3] [4] [5] was developed by Nielsen Engineering and Research, Inc. under contract from the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory, to compute the theoretical separation trajectory of an external store released. from an aircraft flying at subsonic speeds. This computer program currently is being used by several agencies.
However, the theoretical store separation problem does not end with the computation of the store separation trajectory. The engineer is still faced with the problem of presenting the results of the store separation analysis in a concise, clear manner. The engineer would like to replace the tabulated computer output of foe relative location of the store and aircraft with a graphic presentation. What is needed is either a theoretical chase aircraft or a theoretica] camera pod which would provide pictures or movies of the theoretical store separation process similar to those taken during experimental wind tunnel or full-scale drop test programs.
The first need for a visual presentation of theoretical store separation analysis results is while the engineer is examining the effects of different ejection conditions or different flight conditions on the store separation trajectory. The engineer would like to instantly see the results of one theoretical store separation trajectory to select the input conditions for the next analysis. Interactive computer graphics store separation computer codes, such as the one described in References [6] and [7], provide the best means of meeting this need.
The second need for a visual presentation of theoretical store separation analysis results arises when the engineer must present the results of the analysis in. a briefing, letter, or report. This requires generating permanent visual documentation of the store separation process. To provide permanent visual documentation on short time scales and at low cost, the visual documentation must be computer generated using off-line plotters. A visual documentation system which generates permanent visual documentation of the theoretical store separation process can also he used to meet the first need, described in the preceding paragraph, with longer time scales. Thus, for those organizations which do not have access to an interactive graphics terminal on a large computer, a system whieh generates permanent documentation of the store separation process can be used to meet both needs.
This paper describes a permanent visual documentation system being used by Sandia Laboratories to provide visual documentation of theoretical store separation analyses. The documentation system uses a new Sandia Laboratories computer program, MOVIE1, with a CDC 6600 computer to generate a magnetic tape of plotting commands for an offline DatagraphiX 4020 plotter.
This paper first defines the desirable characteristics of a permanent visual documentation system for the theoretical store separation process. Then, the computer program MOVIE1 is described. Techniques are discussed which reduce the computer time required for one theoretical store separation to a few seconds to generate the magnetic tape for drawings and to a few minutes to generate a tape for movies.
Next, the Sandia Laboratories modified DatagraphiX 4020 plotter and the output media provided from it are described. To illustrate the visual documentation provided, the paper contains black and white drawings of the results of two theoretical store separation analyses. Color and black and white 35mm slides and color and black and white movies (with real time and slow motion sequences) of theoretical store separation analyses results also can be generated.
The paper also describes possible future refinements to and future extensions of the MOVIE1 computer program. The final section of the paper defines how a copy of the source deck of computer program MOVIE1 can be requested.
Before one examines the visual documentation system for theoretical store separation results currently being used at Sandia Laboratories. the major desirable characteristics of such a system should be identified. These characteristics are:
Each of these major desirable characteristics is discussed in detail in subsequent paragraphs.
Different media are required for different purposes. Black and white drawings of the theoretical store separation results are needed for informal briefings where slide or movie projection equipment is not available, and for documentation in reports or letters. Color slides and color movies are desirable for more formal briefings and presentations where the longer lead time for color film processing is available.
The computer code used to generate the plotter commands should use a minimurn of computer time. The computer time required per frame of output documentation should be very small to permit generating theoretical store separation movies corresponding to the high frame rates of several hundred frames per second used for experimental store separation movies. This permits direct side-by-side projection and comparison of the theoretical and experimental store separation results.
Total computer time required for visual documentation should be kept to a relatively small percentage of the computer time required to compute the theoretical store separation trajectory, Otherwise, the cost of the complete store separation analysis Will be significantly increased.
The visual documentation provided should contain at least two orthogonal views of the store separation results to show the relative position of the store and aircraft to determine whether store and aircraft contact occcurs. One of these views should be a side view for comparison with pictures or movies obtained later from camera pods or a chase plane in full-scale flight drop tests or pictures or movies obtained later through the side walls of wind tunnels during drop tests.
The store shape, including fins, should be shown in both orthogonal views. By showing the store shape, including fins, store and aircraft contact can be determined which would not be apparent if only the store centerline were shown.
The program used to generate the plotter commands should require a minimum of input data. Input data defining the relative position of the store and aircraft should be automatically generated by the computer program which computes the theoretical store separation trajectory. A visual documentation system will be used the most if the time required to prepare the input data is a relatively small fraction of the time required to prepare the input data for the store separation trajectory computer program.
The visual documentation system should rapidly provide the desired output media. Frequently, the mass properties of a prototype store are measured a few days before the full-scale drop test. Thus, a desirable goal of a visual documentation system is to provide black and white output media prior to 8:00 a.m. from visual documentation computer program runs submitted prior to 5:00 p.m. the preceding day.
The visual documentation system should be easy to convert from computer to computer and plotter to plotter to increase its use by the store separation analysis community. Thus, the computer program used to generate the magnetic tape of plotter commands should be written in a widely used scientific programming language available on most computers.
The computer program used to generate the magnetic tape of plotter commands should be usable with the same plotter used at different computer facilities. Thus, a standard, readily available plotter language should be used, Non-standard plotting language subroutines should be used only when their use provides significant benefits.
Since different computer facilities will have different plotters, the computer program used to generate magnetic tapes of plotter commands should be easily converted from plotter to plotter. This conversion will be aided us the smallest possible subset of plotting commands.
Obviously, a visual documentation system for theoretical store separation analyses is useful only if it is readily available. Thus, the computer program which generates the magnetic tape of plot commands should he available to government agencies and their contractors at no cost.
Computer program MOVIE1 was written at Sandia Laboratories to prepare a tape of plot commands to generate visual documentation of the results of theoretical store separation analyses. To facilitate conversion of the computer prograrn from computer to computer, the program was written in FORTRAN [8], the most widely used engineering and scientific programming language.
The first step in the development of the program was to select the plotter to be used. The modified DatagraphiX 4020 plotter, described in the next section of this paper, was selected because it is the high-speed plotter with the widest selection of output media available at Sandia Laboratories computer facility.
The next step in the development of the computer code was to select a plotter programming language for the DatagraphiX 4020. The SCORS plotting language [9] was selected because it is currently in use by Sandia Laboratories for the DatagraphiX 4020 and also is used a number of other agencies.
Next, the visual documentation to be provided was defined. The theoretical store separation results were to be documented by both side and bottom views. These views were to be generated using any of the output media available for the DatagraphiX 4020.
Most aircraft-delivered stores have srnall low aspect ratio fins which do not impart significant roll rates, or roll angles to the store during the store separation process. Thus, to simnplify the input data required and to minimize the computer time required, it was decided to not show any change in roll angle of the separated store. The side and bottom views of the separated store show an apparent change in length as the store oscillates in pitch and yaw, but do not show any change in roll orientation.
Slides or black and white drawings were to be generated for each 0.1 second during the store separation process. Movies (to be projected at 16 frames per second) were to present both real time and slow motion (one-twentieth as fast as real time) sequences for each of the two views.
Next, the input data required to generate the visual documentation of the theoretical store separation results were defined. The form of the input data used was selected to make the input data as flexible as possible but still simple to prepare.
The side view of the aircraft is defined by up to 10 geometry files, with up to 100 X and Y coordinate pairs in each file. The points in a geometry file are sequentially connected by straight line segments to draw part of the aircraft side view.
Figure 1 shows the X and Y coordinate system used in defining the input data for tbe aircraft side view. The F-4D aircraft side view shown in Figure 1 is generated using 3 geometry files with a total of 100 points.
The PDF copy of these images was rather blurred so they have been redrawn using SVG.
The side view of the separated store is defined by up to 10 geometry files, with up to 100 X and Y coordinate pairs in each file. The points in a geometry file are sequentially connected by straight line segments to draw part of the store side view.
Figure 2 shows tbe X and Y coordinate system used in defining the input data for the separated store side view. The B57 nuclear weapon side view shown in Figure 2 is generated using 6 geometry files with a total of 84 points.
The bottom view of the aircraft is defined by up to 10 geometry files with up to 100 X and Y coordinate pairs in each file. The points in a geometry file are sequentially connected by straight line segments to draw part of the aircraft bottom view.
Figure 3 shows the X and Y coordinate system used in defining the input data for the aircraft bottom view. The F-4D aircraft bottom view shown in Figure 3 is generated using 8 geometry files with a total of 22 points.
The bottom view of the separated store is defined up to 10 geometry files with up to 100 X and Y coordinate pairs in each file. The points in a geometry file are sequentially connected straight line segments to draw part of the store bottom view.
Figure 4 shows the X and Y coordinate system used in defining the input data for tbe separated store bottom view, The B57 nuclear weapon bottom view shown in Figure 4 is generated using 6 geometry files with a total of 74 points.
The input data in the four sets of geometry files described previously can be in any units. Scale factors for each set of geometry files to scale the input dimensions to full-scale dimnensions in feet.
The four sets of geometry files for the aircraft and separated store side and bottom views would be time-consuming to prepare using manual means. At Sandia Laboratories, a Bendix digitizer is used to digitize the points manually marked or the side and bottom views 0f a drawing of the aircraft or the separated store. When the button on the digitizer cursor is pushed, the X and Y coordinates of the point under the cursor cross hairs are automatically written into a disc file on a PDP-10 computer. After all the points are entered, the points on the disc file are automatically punched into cards. Less than one hour is required to digitize both the side and bottom views of an aircraft or a separated store.
The next set of data required is the data defining the position of the store re1ative to the aircraft in the side and bottom views for each time step in the store separation trajectory calculation. This is defined by giving the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the nose and tail of the store in an aircraft fuselage coordinate system. Figure 5 shows a side view of this aircraft fuselage coordinate system while Figure 6 shows a bottom view of the same coordinate system.
The X, Y, and Z coordinates of the nose and tail of the separated store are in units of feet, The time is the time frorn the start of the store separation trajectory in seconds.
The punched card input data deck defining the location of the nose and tail of the separated store and the time is generated automatically when the theoretical store separation trajectory program [3][4][5] is used. Four cards were added to the OUTPUT subroutine in the theoretical store separation trajeetory program to generate this input data deck.
The aircraft flight path angle and the fuselage angel of attack must be supplied in degrees. These angles are used to rotate the aircraft and the store in the side and bottom views to provide the correct perspective.
Control parameters must be entered to determine the size of the aircraft and separated store, and position them in the side and bottom view. The time in seconds in the theoretical store separation process when the visual documentation is to be stopped must also be supplied as input data.
Several control constants, defined in detail in comment cards to the computer program, must be supplied lo select the proper program options to generate the plot commands for the desired output media. The number or cases and number of runs for each case must be supplied.
A run is defined as generating visual documentation for one theoretical store separation trajectory, Several runs may be made for the same aircraft and separated store with each representing different flight conditions and/or different ejection conditions. All runs with the same aircraft and separated store make up oue case. When several runs are made in one case, the aircraft and separated store geometry files need only be entered in the input data for the first run.
Computer program MOVIE1 uses two techniques to minimize the computer time required to generate visual documentation for theoretical store separation trajectories. The first technique is to use linear interpolation on the store position input data between the times supplied in the input data. Thus, the store separation trajectory computer code does not have to use the small time intervals of 0.003125 second (corresponding to the frame rate required for slow motion at one-twentieth of real time) as the time step in the numerical integration. lf the store separation computer code had to use this small time interval in the numerical integration, the computer time required would increase from the typical 5 to 10 minutes to approximately 80 to 160 minutes!
The second technique used to save computer time is to store the plot commands for all the segments of the visual documentation which are repeated from frame to frame. This includes the aircraft in both the side and bottom views, and all view identification and time base identification messages which appear in the movies. Then, when a given stored segment of the visual documentation is needed, the stored plot commands are copied onto the magnetic tape.
By not recomputing the repetitively used plot commands each frame, the computer time required to generate a movie is reduced approximately by a factor of five. This reduction in computer time required was felt to be significant enough to Justify use of the Sandia Laboratories non-standard SCORS subroutines SAVIT, NOSAVE, DMPSAV, DMPSIZ, and CKRAY; these subroutined are described briefly in [10].
The only other non-standard SCORS subroutines used are the Sandia Laboratories CLEARC (white), RED (red), and YELLOW (yellow) subroutines; these are used to generate the correspondinn colors on the modified DatapraphiX 4020 plotter. The use of these non-standard subroutines was felt to be justified by the visual clarity added by showing the separated store in yellow and the aircraft in red.
The operation of MOVIE1 is not described in detail in this paper. Detailed comment cards describing the operation are provided in the FORTAN source language card deck of MOVIE1.
The current FORTRAN source language card deck of MOVIE1 consists of approximately 900 cards. Approximately one-third of these 900 cards are comment cards.
The current version of MOVIE1 requires approximately 120000(octal) storage locations in the core of the CDC 6600 computer. The comuter program is compiled using the extended FORTRAN compiler (FTN) and is executed using Version 3.3 of SCOPE.
Table 1 defines the CDC 6600 computer time required by MOVIE1 to generate visual documentation in the available output media or the first sample store separation for which visual documentation is presented in a subsequent section of this paper. The computer times presented in Table 1 can be reduced by approximately one-half if the separated store geometry files are limited to two points defining the nose and tail of the store. This results in only the centerline of the store being drawn.
| Computer Time For Black& White (seconds) | Computer Time For Color (seconds) | |
|---|---|---|
| Hard Copy (17 frames) | 4.5, 18.4, 5.8 | Color not available |
| 35mm slides (17 slides) | 4.5, 19.7, 5.9 | 7.4, 21.7, 8.6 |
| 16mm or 35mm movie (419 frames) | 36.0, 45.2, 27.8 | 102.5, 111.1, 82.9 |
Times shown from left to right are central processor time, peripheral processor time, and input and output time for the CDC 6600 computer. These times are for generating visual documentation for 0.54 seconds of real time store separation data.
The DatagraphiX 4020 (formerly Stromberg-Carlso 4020) [11] is a High Speed Microfilm Recorder (plotter) which uses computer-generated plot commands to draw pictures or prepare plots or display printer output on a cathode ray tube which can be photographed using a variety of cameras. The cathode ray tube is a special CHARACTRON Shaped Beam Tube which contains a built-in character forming system which can display characters at a rate of up to 17,000 characters per second.
Plot commands are created using the FORTRAN callable SCORS subroutines [9] developed largely by the programming groups of North American Aviation Company Inc. These subroutines, available from DatagraphiX permit the rapid generation of drawings, plots, axes, and characters of different size and different orientations.
The Sandia Laboratories DatagraphiX 4020 has been modified to provide an eight color plotting capability. This modificaton consists of using a new phosphorous mix in the cathode ray tube, inclusion of an eight quadrant color filter wheel driven by an eight position stepping motor and driving circuitry, and the use of three plotter commands to control the stepping motor. The eight color modification is similar to an earlier four color modfication described in [12]. The non-standard SCORS FORTRAN callable subroutines necessary to position the eight quadrant color filter were written at Sandia Laboratories.
The eight colors available directly are white, blue, cyan, green, magenta, red, yellow and a special official Sandia Laboratories light blue. As the color film requires approximately four overstrikes when the color filter wheel is used, the eight colors can be extended to create a large number of other colors by repeating the same plot commands with the color filter wheel in different positions for consecutive overstrikes.
The additional overstrikes required for color film add little to the DatatgraphiX 4020 processing time required. However, the additional time required to move and stabilize the color filter significantly increases the DatatgraphiX 4020 processing time required. By using the colors in the order they are located on the color filter wheel, DatatgraphiX 4020 processing time can be reduced to a few seconds per frame of output media produced, which isstill quite reasonable.
Output media available from the DatatgraphiX 4020 at Sandia Laboratories include:
Black on white drawings (hardcopy) are processed several times each working day. White on black slides or movies for magnetic tapes to be created by runs submitted prior to 8 a.m., the next day. Color on black slides and movies are supplied approximately one day to one week after the magnetic tape is created, because color exposure and color processing are delayed until several reels of magnetic tape have been created which require color exposure and color processing.
Two samples of visual documentation of theoretical store separation analyses are presented to illustrate the visual documentation provided. The first sample documents the results of a theoretical store separation analysis of an EG and G instrumentation just released from an OV-1C Grumman Mohawk aircraft. This analysis was performed at the request of the division of Military Applications of the United States Atomic Energy Commission.
The OV-1C one-engine out performance would be marginal with the pod on the aircraft and the EG and G pod would have to be separated whenever power was lost on one engine. The store separation would be complicated by the factor that the OV-1C rack used does not have an ejection capability and the fact that the pod, as originally designed, is aerodynamically statically unstable. The theoretical store separation trajectory computer code [3][4][5] was used to compute a preliminary theoretical store separation analysis for the EG and G pod released from the OV-1C aircraft. This preliminary analysis was conducted to see if it would be necessary to add fins to the pod to increase its aerodynamic stability and thus alleviate what were felt to be serious store separation problems.
Black on white drawings (reduced in size) for selected times during the store separation process are presented in Figure 7 for the EG and G pod released from the OV-1C aircraft at 230 knots true airspeed at sea level. Note that the side view at 0.5 seconds shows that the pod has rotated into the small horizontal line near the top of the fuselage, which represents the local wing chord. (While the store separation analysis and visual documentation results show a definite need for adding fins to the pods, the need for using this pod on the OV-1C was dropped due to program redirection before a store separation analysis could be conducted for finned pods.) Both white on black and color on black movies and slides also were made of this theoretical store separation process.
The second sample of visual documentation provided shows the results of a theoretical store separation analysis of a Sandia Laboatories prototype store ejected from an F-4D McDonnell Phantom aircraft. This theoretical store separation analysis, which also used the theoretical store separation computer program, is part of the preflight documentation recently supplied to the 4000th Test Group at Kirtland Air Force Base to obtain approval for the flight drop test.
Black on white drawings (reduced in size) for selected times during the store separation process are presented in Figure 8 for the Sandia Laboratories prototype store ejected from the F-4D at a Mach number of 0.7 at 15,000 feet altitude above mean sea level. Both white on black and color on black movies and slides also were made of this theoretical store separation process.
Color slides for selected times during the store separation process for these two theoretical store separation processes were used in the presentation of this paper. A 16mm color movie which contained both of these two theoretical store separation processes was also used in the paper presentation. Copies of the color slides [13][14] and the color movie [15] are available on loan rom the author.
The visual documentation system described in this paper can be refined and extended in the future. Refinements are defined as changes which would enhance the current capabilities. Extensions are defined as changes which would add new capabilities.
A desirable and necessary future refinement is to add descriptive alphanumeric text to the output documentation media to:
This refinement can be done easily, but would require numerous time-consuming changes to computer program MOVIEl.
An additional desirable refinement would be to add the capability to generate close-up views of the separated store where some parts of the aircraft and perhaps store are outside the field of view. This can be easily done, but would require adding a scissoring or clipping subroutine with logic to eliminate the points outside the field of view.
A highly desirable refinement, which will be completed in the near future, is to add the capability to present experimental data from wind tunnel tests or full-scale drop tests directly on the output media for comparison with the theoretical calculations. This will require reading in a second set of store position data from the experimental test. Then, the store will be drawn twice per frame of output media.
One store drawing, in one color, will show the position of the store from the theoretical calculations. The second store drawing, in a second color, will show the position of the store from the experimental test at the same time. This capability is being developed to compare the experimental results from [16] with the results of planned theoretical store separation analysis for the same store and aircraft at the same flight conditions.
An additional highly desirable refinement, which will be completed in the near future, is to add the capability to present strobe pictures of the theoretical store separation. Pictures made of experimental store separation tests in wind tunnels sometimes use a strobe light which is used to repetatively illuminate the aircraft and store several times during the store separation process. This results in several pictures of the separated store, all on the same frame of film, which correspond to its location at the times the strobe was pulsed.
A desirable long-term refinement of the visual documentation system would be to add three-dimensional representations of the separated store and aircraft to permit generating visual documentation as seen from any arbitrary angle. The three-dimensional shapes could be represented by quadrilateral surface elements (figure on Page 49 of [17]), half -tone shading techniques (Figures 1-6, Page xxii, [18], station lines (Figure 3.9, Page 34, [19]), or detailed station lines and selected longitudinal lines (Figure 4.0, Page 34, [19]).
While the three-dimensional representations would add additional realism, several problems arise. The input data needed to define the separated store and, especially, the aircraft would increase significantly in magnitude. Also, the computer time required to compute the location of all the points in the three-dimensional representation of the separated store would increase very significantly over the current two-dimensional visual documentation. The final problem is that hidden line subroutines would be required to most effectively use three-dimensional representations of the separated store and aircraft. The computer time required to do the hidden line computations for each frame of a movie might be prohibitive with current subroutines and computers.
The visual documentation system defined in this paper could be extended in at least three areas. The first area would be to extend the MOVIE1 computer program to prepare slides and movies showing the separated store, its orientation, and the corresponding body normal force and side force distribution along the store body during the store separation process. The theoretical store separation trajectory computer program [3][4][5] currently computes the necessary store body loading data as part of the calculation of the theoretical store separation trajectory.
A second area where the visual documentation system could be extended would be to extend the MOVIE1 computer program to draw flow streamlines around the store to show the flow angularities in the flow field. This would require a significant modification to the theoretical store separation trajectory computer program to compute the required flow streamline data. The additional computer time required would be significant. Thus, the flow streamlines might be shown only for the store in the carriage position rather than being recomputed and redrawn for each frame of a theoretical store separation movie.
The final area where the visual documentation system could be eXtended would be to add the capability to draw shock waves. This would prepare the MOVIE1 computer program for use with any supersonic theoretical store separation trajectory computer program which might be developed in the future (perhaps based on [20] [21][22]). The shock wave presentation would probably be limited to defining the shock waves from the aircraft and the separated store in a plane containing the nose of the separated store in both the side and bottom views.
This paper has described a system used by Sandia Laboratories to provide permanent visual documentation of the results of theoretical store separation analyses. This visual documentation system is routinely used to rapidly and economically generate visual documentation of theoretical store separation analyses using a variety of output media.
To date, the only application of computer program MOVIE1 has been to generate visual documentation of the theoretical store separation trajectory analyses, as documented in this paper. However, since computer program MOVIE1 documents the motion of one object relative to another object, this program should be useful for other applications involving relative motion. Since this paper is being presented to the AEC computer community, computer groups in other agencies may want a copy of computer program MOVIE1.
A preliminary version of the FORTRAN computer program MOVIE1, which generates DatagraphiX 4020 plot commands in the SCORS plotting language, can be made available to requestors with a need for the program. Atomic Energy Commission computer program dissemination policy requires that each request be treated as a separate case, and that signed authorization be obtained from several levels of management at Sandia Laboratories. While this policy prevents an exact definition of the availability of the computer program, it should be available to almost all government agencies and most of their contractors.
Requests for the FORTRAN source card deck, sample input data, and sample output visual documentation should be made by a letter to:
H. R. Spahr Division 5625 Sandia Laboratories P. 0. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87115
The letter should briefly define the need for the computer program, describe projects it would be used on, and describe briefly any planned use of the computer program to support contracts from government agencies. The letter should also briefly describe the computer and plotter that the computer code will be used with.
1. F-14A Crash, Aviation Week and Space Technology, June 25, 1973, Page 25.
2. Production AIM-7F Enters Test, Aviation Week and Space Technology, August 27, 1973, Page 38.
3. Frederick K. Goodwin, Marnix F. E. Dillenius, and Jack N. Nielsen, Method of Predicting Loading and Trajectories of Single or TER or MER Mounted Stores on Swept-Wing Aircraft, Volume 2, Aircraft/ Stores Compatibilily Symposium Proceedings, August, 1972, sponsored by JTCG/AALNNO, held at Dayton, Ohio on December 7-9, 1971
4. Frederick K. Goodwin, Marnix F. E. Dillenius, and Jack N. Nielsen, Prediction of Six-Degree-of-Freedom Store Separation Trajectories at Speeds Up to the Critical Speed - Volume I - Theoretical Methods and Comparisons with Experiment, Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory Technical Report AFFDL-TR-72-83, Volume I, October 1972.
5. Frederick K. Goodwin, Marnix F. E. Dillenius, and Jack N. Nielsen, Prediction of Six-Degree-of-Freedom Store Separation Trajectories at Speeds Up to the Critical Speed - Volume II - User's Manual for the Computer Programs, Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory Technical Report AFFDL-TR-72-83, Volume II, October 1972.
6. Calvin L. Dyer, An Interactive Graphics Program for Predicting Six-Degree-of-Freedom Store Separation at Speeds Up to the Critical Speed, Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory Report AFFDL/FGC-TM-73-58, July 1973.
7. Marnix F. E. Dillenius, Frederick K. Goodwin, Jack N. Nielsen, and Calvin L. Dyer, Extensions to the Method for Prediction of Six-Degree-of-Freedom Store Separation Trajectories at Speeds Up to the Critical Speed, Including Interactive Graphics Applications and Bodies of Arbitrary Cross Section, Aircraft/Stores Compatibility Symposium Proceedings, Volume 2, sponsored by JTCG/ ALNNO, held at Sacramento, California on September 18-20, 1973.
8. Control Data 6600 Computer Systems, FORTRAN Extended Reference Manual, 6600 Version 3, Publication No. 601 76600, Revision K, Control Data Corporation, February 22, 1973.
9. Section III - Programmer's Reference Manual, SC-4020 Usage With IBM-7090/7094, CDC-3600, Univac-1107/1108, CDC-6600, SC-M-70- 68, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, March 1970.
10. Routines to Generate and Store SD-4020 Commands,Sandia Computing Newsletter SN 0012/1971, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, August 9, 1971.
11. Section II - Introduction and Basic SC-4020 Description, SC-4020 Usage with IBM-7090/7094, CDC-3600, Univac-1107/1108, CDC-6600, SC-M-70-68, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico., March 1970.
12. C. J. Fisk, Cathode Ray Tube Color Plotting, SC-RR-68-546, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, January 1969.
13. 35mm Computer Generated Color Slides of an EG&G Pod Released From an OV-1C Aircraft, available on loan from H. R. Spahr, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
14. 35mm Computer Generated Color Slides of a Sandia Laboratories Prototype Store Ejected From a F-4D Aircraft, available on loan from H. R. Spahr, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
15. 16mm Computer Generated Color Movie of an EGamp;G Pod Released From an OV-1C Aircraft and a Sandia Laboratories Prototype Store Ejected From a F-4D Aircraft, available on loan from H. R. Spahr, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
16. James R. Myers, Separation Characteristics of the B-57 Bomb From the F-4C Aircraft Equipped with ECM Pods at Mach Numbers from 0.605 to 1.30, AEDC-TR-72-93, June 1972, Arnold Engineering Development Center.
17. D. S. Warren, Tomorrow's Structural Engineering, Astronautics and Aeronautics, July 1973.
18. William M. Newman and Robert F. Sproull, Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1973.
19. William A. Fetter, Computer Graphics in Communication, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1973.
20. F. Dan Fernandes, Theoretical Prediction of Interference Loading on Aircraft Stores - Part I - Subsonic Speeds, NASA CR-112065-1, June 1972, General Dynamics.
21. F. Dan Fernandes, Theoretical Prediction of Interference Loading on Aircraft Stores - Part II - Supersonic Speeds, NASA CR-112065-2, June 1972, General Dynamics.
22. F. Dan Fernandes, Theoretical Prediction of Interference Loading on Aircraft Stores - Part III - Programmer's Manual, NASA CR-112065-3, June 1972, General Dynamics.